In the context of computer networks and cybersecurity, "darknets" refer to private or hidden networks that are isolated from the public internet and are not readily accessible or discoverable by conventional means. Darknets are designed to provide anonymity and privacy to users, often for legitimate reasons, but they can also be associated with illicit activities. There are two primary types of darknets:
Overlay Darknets: Overlay darknets are networks built on top of the existing internet infrastructure. They typically use encryption and anonymization techniques to conceal the identities and activities of users. One example of an overlay darknet is the Tor network (The Onion Router), which allows users to browse the internet anonymously by routing their traffic through a series of relays. Tor enables individuals to access websites, communicate, and share information without revealing their IP addresses or physical locations.
Underlay Darknets: Underlay Darknets are networks that exist separately from the public internet. They operate on non-standard protocols and are generally isolated from the regular internet infrastructure. Underlay darknets are often used for private communication or to create isolated environments for specific purposes. An example of an underlay darknet is a corporate intranet, which is a private network used within an organization to facilitate internal communication and collaboration.
It's important to note that while darknets can have legitimate uses, such as protecting privacy and enabling secure communication, they can also facilitate illicit activities. Some individuals may exploit darknets for illegal purposes, including the exchange of illegal goods, coordination of criminal activities, or sharing malicious content. As a result, darknets have garnered attention from law enforcement agencies and cybersecurity organizations.
It's essential to distinguish between the technology of darknets, which provides anonymity and privacy, and the activities that may occur within them, which can range from lawful to illicit.
